Wiring BLDC Motor with Controller
To understand why a BLDC motor is so effective, it's important to have a good understanding of how it works. There are actually two different types, with different benefits and drawbacks. While either one will probably be effective for most jobs, you may wish to familiarize yourself with both types, just in case one would be more appropriate for your project or application than the other.
BLDC motors are often preferred in motion-control applications as their benefits outweigh potentially higher costs. When it comes to energy-, maintenance- and downtime-related costs, brushless DC motors may cost less than brush types in some applications.
Brushless DC motors come in two varieties, "sensored" and sensorless. The sensored motors include Hall-effect sensors that respond to the magnets on the motor's core. As a result, the controller can determine the position of the rotor from the sensor signals. Thus when the controller starts the motor it decides which coils to energize
to move the rotor clockwise or counterclockwise. BLDC-motor controllers include a microcontroller that will run algorithms that deliver the proper commutating signals to FETs or IGBTs.
Each sensor has a + and - power lead and a signal output. The first thing to sort out is the hall sensor power. The controller will supply a votage to the sensors that is typically between 5v and 12v. The most common color coding for the hall power is red= positive, black= ground.
If there are no black and red wires, or it is not clear which are the power wires, it may be necessary to open the motor and trace the wires going to the hall sensors. The hall supply wires will branch off and go to all three sensors. If + and - are not black and red, then it may be necessary to look up the datasheet for the hall sensor to determine the power connections.
BLDC motors are often preferred in motion-control applications as their benefits outweigh potentially higher costs. When it comes to energy-, maintenance- and downtime-related costs, brushless DC motors may cost less than brush types in some applications.
Brushless DC motors come in two varieties, "sensored" and sensorless. The sensored motors include Hall-effect sensors that respond to the magnets on the motor's core. As a result, the controller can determine the position of the rotor from the sensor signals. Thus when the controller starts the motor it decides which coils to energize
There are typically 3 hall sensors in the motor that tell the controller the position of the rotor.
Each sensor has a + and - power lead and a signal output. The first thing to sort out is the hall sensor power. The controller will supply a votage to the sensors that is typically between 5v and 12v. The most common color coding for the hall power is red= positive, black= ground.
If there are no black and red wires, or it is not clear which are the power wires, it may be necessary to open the motor and trace the wires going to the hall sensors. The hall supply wires will branch off and go to all three sensors. If + and - are not black and red, then it may be necessary to look up the datasheet for the hall sensor to determine the power connections.
- Determine how many lead wires your motor has 4, 6, or 8 wires. Locate the proper box below.
- Next, examine the color code of the lead wires on your motor; find the row of colors that match your wires, this is your “color code”. You will have either Code 1, Code 2, or Code 3. For example, if you have 4 wires and the wires are Red, Blue, Green, Black, your color code is 1.
- Next, connect the proper color to the appropriate terminal on your drive. If you have a Bipolar drive, the terminal on your drive will be labeled A, A-, B, B-.
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